Which analgesic is likely to cause constipation in a patient after open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) surgery?

Oxycodone is an opioid analgesic commonly used to manage moderate to severe pain, particularly after surgical procedures like open reduction internal fixation (ORIF). One of the well-established side effects of opioids, including oxycodone, is constipation. Opioids work by binding to specific receptors in the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract, leading to decreased gastrointestinal motility. This slowing effect on the intestines results in prolonged transit times and increased water absorption from stools, ultimately causing constipation.

In contrast, non-opioid analgesics such as ibuprofen and naproxen, which are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), typically do not have this side effect. Acetaminophen, while effective for pain relief, also does not commonly cause constipation. Therefore, after an ORIF surgery, patients receiving oxycodone as part of their pain management plan should be monitored for this side effect and appropriate measures should be taken to prevent or treat constipation.