In a displaced femoral neck fracture, which complication should a nurse monitor for?

In the context of a displaced femoral neck fracture, monitoring for avascular necrosis (AVN) is crucial due to the unique blood supply of the femoral head. When the fracture is displaced, the fracture may disrupt the essential vascular supply, leading to a decreased blood flow to the femoral head. As a result, if the blood supply does not restore adequately, the bone tissue can begin to die due to lack of oxygen and nutrients—a condition known as avascular necrosis.

This complication is particularly relevant in femoral neck fractures because the vascular supply is often tenuous, relying on retinacular vessels that can be compromised when displacement occurs. Early detection of AVN is important, as it can lead to significant morbidity and may necessitate more invasive interventions, such as total hip replacement, if it progresses.

While potentially other complications, such as delayed union, fat embolism, and deep vein thrombosis, can also occur in femoral neck fractures, AVN is specifically linked to issues arising directly from the fracture's displacement, making it a critical focus for monitoring in these cases.